GS-911 Emergency Diagnostic tool for BMW motorcycles
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All cars and light trucks built for sale in the United States after 1996 are required to be OBD-II compliant. The European Union OBD legislation is somewhat more complicated.
An OBD-II compliant vehicle can use any of the five communication protocols: J1850 PWM, J1850 VPW, ISO9141-2, ISO14230-4 (also known as Keyword Protocol 2000), and more recently, ISO15765-4/SAE J2480 (a "flavor" of CAN). US car manufacturers were not allowed to use CAN until model year 2003, but as of model year 2008 and going forward, all vehicles will use the CAN protocol.
There are two types of diagnostic link connectors (DLCs) defined by SAE J1962 - Type A and Type B, shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. The main difference between the two connectors is in the shape of the alignment tab.
Location - According to J1962, Type A DLC "shall be located in the passenger or driver's compartment in the area bounded by the driver's end of the instrument panel to 300 mm (~1 ft) beyond the vehicle centerline, attached to the instrument panel and easy to access from the driver's seat. The preferred location is between the steering column and the vehicle centerline."
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Many car manufacturers recommend replacing the brake pads on your car whenever the lining has worn out down to 1/8-inches or less. You can actually remove the tire and wheel assembly and measure the lining on the brake pad using a rule. However, here are some other important facts about brake pads that will help you determine when to replace and inspect them to keep yourself safe on the road.
How do I know I need to replace brake pads?A mechanic needs to inspect them and see how much of the pad is left. How often this needs to be done depends on the mileage since replacement, the type of driving that you do (city/highway), how you drive and possibly the weight of your vehicle.